Solar Radiation and Your Skin: The Importance of the Sun Protection Factor

The sun protection factor has always played a significant role in the world of cosmetics and skincare. Although in the past tanning was considered a symbol of health and beauty, today we understand the harmful effects of solar radiation on our bodies. It is important to know in depth how exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays, as well as visible light and infrared (IR) radiation, affects our skin and why it is crucial to use sun protection products regularly in our skincare routine.

Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation and its Impacts on the Skin:

In recent decades, scientific studies have shed light on the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on our skin. Although it constitutes only a small percentage of the total solar radiation that reaches our skin, approximately 5%, its consequences go deep into the skin and are long-lasting. When we talk about ’photoageing,’ we are referring to the cause andeffect relationship between UV radiation and skin ageing.

UV radiation is divided into three main types: UVA, UVB, and UVC. UVC radiation is absorbed and retained by the atmosphere, so it does not reach the skin's surface. However, UVA and UVB radiation have a direct impact on our skin. UVB rays, although they constitute only 0.1% of the radiation that reaches the skin, are responsible for sunburn and direct damage to the genetic material (DNA) of our cells.

UVA rays, on the other hand, penetrate deeper into the skin and have long-term effects, such as collagen degradation and wrinkle formation. They are also responsible for direct pigmentation and skin tanning.

Skin ageing is mainly due to daily sun exposure, even when no immediate visible changes occur. For this reason, it is essential to incorporate the use of sunscreen into our daily skincare routine. It is not enough to apply it only on sunny summer days; it is essential to use it daily, even on cloudy days. Solar radiation can penetrate clouds and reflect off surfaces such as water, sand, or snow, meaning we are exposed even in seemingly non-sunny conditions.

Visible Light and its Impact on the Skin:

Visible light, also known as HEV (High Energy Visible) light, represents approximately 40% of the solar radiation that reaches our skin. In recent years, more attention has been paid to blue light, a proportion of the visible light emitted by electronic device screens. Although visible light is not as well-known as UV rays, its impact on the skin should not be overlooked.

Visible light has been associated with skin dehydration and the formation of spots, especially in people with darker skin. Additionally, although indirectly, it can also damage the DNA of our cells. This leads us to the conclusion that sun protection is not only about protecting ourselves against UV rays but also against visible light.

Infrared (IR) Radiation and its Deep Impact:

Another fundamental aspect to consider is infrared (IR) radiation, which constitutes the majority of solar radiation that reaches the skin's surface, almost 60%. Although we cannot see IR, we feel it as heat when we are exposed to it. IR has the ability to penetrate deeply into the skin and increase collagen degradation, leading to a loss of elasticity. Like visible light, IR can also damage the DNA of our cells.

The Synergy between types of Radiation and Choosing a Sunscreen:

It is important to highlight that these three types of radiation do not act in isolation; in fact, they enhance each other, creating synergies. Therefore, choosing an appropriate sunscreen goes beyond looking for a high SPF number. You should look for products that include the letters UVA surrounded by a circle on the packaging, indicating effective protection against UVA rays. Additionally, it is essential that the sunscreen offers protection against visible and infrared light.

A crucial aspect in choosing an effective sunscreen is the presence of antioxidant ingredients in its formulation. Antioxidants are compounds that help prevent and combat oxidative stress caused by the skin cells. These ingredients not only provide additional protection against sun damage but also help maintain healthy and radiant skin.

How to Choose the Perfect Sunscreen:

When selecting the ideal sunscreen, keep in mind that not all products are the same. A high SPF is important, but also look for the acronym UVA, protection against visible and infrared light, and antioxidant ingredients in the formula. Additionally, consider your skin type and specific skincare needs. If you have sensitive skin, look for products designed for you.

In summary, understanding the effects of solar radiation on our skin is essential for effective skincare. Daily sun protection and the choice of appropriate products can make a significant difference to the health and appearance of your skin over the years. Do not underestimate the power of sunscreen in your daily skincare routine, as it is an investment in the long-term health of your skin.